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　　In the early years, rubber products were widely used in the industrial and mechanical and electronic fields, but now rubber products have already broken through their limitations and have entered the world's major industry markets. This leads to the expansion of market demand and the increase of upstream raw material rubber types and processes, resulting in disadvantages. For example, the phenomenon of frost and whitening of rubber products has become a common problem. How do you solve this phenomenon?

　　The structural changes of rubber in the process of thermo-oxidative aging can be divided into two categories: one is the thermo-oxidative aging reaction (cracking) mainly based on the degradation of molecular chains; the second type is based on the cross-linking between molecular chains. Aging (structured).

　　Natural rubber, etc. contain isoprene rubber, butyl rubber, ethylene propylene diene rubber, homopolymeric chlorohydrin rubber and copolymerized chlorohydrin rubber. These rubbers have a soft, tacky appearance after thermal oxidative aging.

　　In the process of thermal oxidation aging of butadiene-containing butadiene rubber, cross-linking reaction occurs mainly. Similar rubber varieties include NBR/SBR/CR/ERDM/FPM/CSM and so on. The appearance of this type of rubber after thermal oxidative aging is hard and brittle.

　　The main factors that affect the aging of rubber are:

　　1. Oxygen: Oxygen undergoes a free radical chain reaction with rubber molecules in rubber, and the molecular chain is broken or excessively cross-linked, causing changes in rubber properties. Oxidation is one of the important causes of rubber aging.

　　2. Ozone: The chemical activity of ozone is much higher than that of oxygen, and it is more destructive. It also breaks the molecular chain, but the effect of ozone on rubber varies with whether the rubber is deformed or not. When applied to deformed rubber (mainly unsaturated rubber), cracks that are perpendicular to the direction of stress, the so-called "ozone crack"; when applied to deformed rubber, only an oxide film is formed on the surface without cracking.

　　3. Heat: Raising the temperature can cause thermal cracking or thermal crosslinking of rubber. But the basic effect of heat is activation. Improve the oxygen diffusion rate and activate the oxidation reaction, thereby accelerating the oxidation reaction rate of rubber, which is a common aging phenomenon - thermal oxygen aging.

　　4. Mechanical stress: Under the repeated action of mechanical stress, the rubber molecular chain will be broken to generate free gluten, which will trigger an oxidation chain reaction and form a mechanochemical process. Mechanical scission of molecular chains and mechanical activation of oxidation processes. Which one can prevail depends on the conditions it is in. In addition, it is easy to cause ozone cracking under the action of stress.

　　5. Moisture: The effect of moisture has two aspects: rubber is easily damaged when it is exposed to rain in humid air or immersed in water for a long time. This is because the water-soluble substances and hydrophilic groups in rubber are extracted and dissolved by water. Caused by hydrolysis or absorption. Especially under the alternating action of water immersion and atmospheric exposure, the destruction of rubber will be accelerated. But in some cases, moisture does not damage the rubber, and even has the effect of delaying aging.

　　6. Oils: If the oil is in contact with the oil medium for a long time during the use process, the oil can penetrate into the rubber and cause swelling, resulting in the reduction of the strength and other mechanical properties of the rubber. Oil can swell rubber because after the oil penetrates into the rubber, molecular mutual diffusion occurs, which changes the network structure of the vulcanizate.

　　7. Others: There are also chemical media, variable valence metal ions, high-energy radiation, electricity and biology that affect rubber.

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